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Publication: The contribution of gut bacteria to insecticide resistance and the life histories of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
Barnard, K Jeanrenaud, A.C.S.N Brooke, B.D Oliver, S.V
Barnard, K
Jeanrenaud, A.C.S.N
Brooke, B.D
Oliver, S.V
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Abstract
The gut microbiota of mosquitoes is a crucial determinant of their fitness. As such, the biology of the gut microbiota of Anopheles arabiensis, a major malaria vector of Southern Africa, was investigated. Two laboratory strains of An. arabiensis were used; SENN, an insecticide susceptible strain, and SENN-DDT, a resistant strain. The strains were supplemented with either non-commensal bacteria or antibiotics via a sucrose source to sterilize the gut. The strains were fed the broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic gentamicin, or a preferentially gram-positive bactericidal (vancomycin), gram-negative bactericidal (streptomycin) or broad-spectrum bacteriostatic (erythromycin), either by sugar supplementation or by artificially-spiked blood-meal. The effects on adult mosquito longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype were assessed. Bacteria from the midgut of both strains were characterised by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Bactericidal antibiotics increased longevity in SENN-DDT. Bacterial supplementation increased insecticide tolerance. Antibiotic supplementation via sugar decreased tolerance to the insecticides deltamethrin and malathion. Blood-supplemented vancomycin decreased insecticide resistance, while gentamicin and streptomycin increased resistance. SENN showed a greater gut bacterial diversity than SENN-DDT, with both strains dominated by Gram-negative bacteria. This study suggests a crucial role for bacteria in An. arabiensis life history, and that gut microflora play variable roles in insecticide resistant and susceptible mosquitoes.
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Date
2019-06-24
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Springer Nature
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Keywords
Insecticide,Mosquitoes,Gut bacteria,Anopheles arabiensis
Citation
Barnard K, Jeanrenaud ACSN, Brooke BD, Oliver SV. The contribution of gut bacteria to insecticide resistance and the life histories of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae). Scientific Reports. 2019 Jun 24;9(1): 9117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45499-z