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Publication: Plant foods consumption and its association with cardiovascular disease risk profile in South Africans at risk of diabetes
Lopes, T ; Zemlin, A.E ; Hill, J ; Mchiza, Z ; Peer, N ; Erasmus, R.T ; Kengne, A.P
Lopes, T
Zemlin, A.E
Hill, J
Mchiza, Z
Peer, N
Erasmus, R.T
Kengne, A.P
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Abstract
Plant foods differ in their nutrient content and can be classified as healthy (i.e., fruits and vegetables) or less healthy (i.e., sugar-sweetened beverages). Nutrient-rich plant foods are healthier and contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols with antioxidant properties that may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the distribution of healthy plant foods and its association with CVD risk factors in South African adults at high risk of diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized baseline screening data from the South African Diabetes Prevention Programme (SA-DPP). Participants identified as being at high risk of diabetes underwent data collection including a non-quantified 24-hour dietary recall, physical examination, and biochemical analysis. Group comparisons used appropriate statistical tests to explore differences in the distribution and associations of common CVD risk factors by plant foods consumption. Results: Among 693 participants (81% females), the mean age was 51 years (SD=8.95). The prevalence of obesity was higher in consumers of cereals than in non-consumers (86% vs. 14%, p=0.018). Compared with non-consumers, consumers of maize had lower fasting insulin (7.8 vs. 9.6 mIU/L, p<0.001), lower LDL-cholesterol (3.0 vs. 3.2 mmol/L, p=0.011), lower triglycerides (1.2 vs. 1.3 mmol/L, p=0.023) and lower fibrinogen (3.6 vs. 3.8 g/L, p=0.005) levels; consumers of yellow coloured vitamin A rich vegetables and tubers had lower systolic blood pressure (125 vs. 128 mmHg, p=0.030) and lower triglycerides (1.2 vs. 1.3 mmol/L, p=0.028), while consumers of vitamin A rich fruits had lower fasting plasma glucose (5.0 vs. 5.4 mmol/L, p=0.001). Regression analysis revealed a negative association between body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and white roots and tubers consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64, p=0.048). Conclusions: Significant differences were apparent in the distribution of some CVD risk factors between consumers and non-consumers of certain plant foods. The association of healthy plant foods consumption and CVD risk reduction needs further investigations in this setting.
Description
Poster presented at the International Congress of Nutrition (ICN), Tokyo, Japan, 6-11 December 2022.
Date
2022
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Keywords
Plant foods,Cardiovascular disease risk factors,Type 2 diabetes