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Cross-sectional associations of physical activity and gross motor proficiency with adiposity in South African children of pre-school age
Draper, C.E Tomaz, S.A Jones, R.A Hinkley, T Twine, R Kahn, K Norris, S A
Draper, C.E
Tomaz, S.A
Jones, R.A
Hinkley, T
Twine, R
Kahn, K
Norris, S A
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Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, gross motor skills and adiposity in South African children of pre-school age.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: High-income urban, and low-income urban and rural settings in South Africa.
Participants: Children (3-6 years old, n 268) were recruited from urban high-income (n 46), urban low-income (n 91) and rural low-income (n 122) settings. Height and weight were measured to calculate the main outcome variables: BMI and BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ). Height-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores were also calculated. Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to objectively measure physical activity; the Test of Gross Motor Development (Version 2) was used to assess gross motor skills.
Results: More children were overweight/obese and had a higher BAZ from urban low-income settings compared with urban high-income settings and rural low-income settings. Being less physically active was associated with thinness, but not overweight/obesity. Time spent in physical activity at moderate and vigorous intensities was positively associated with BMI and BAZ. Gross motor proficiency was not associated with adiposity in this sample.
Conclusions: The findings of this research highlight the need for obesity prevention particularly in urban low-income settings, as well as the need to take into consideration the complexity of the relationship between adiposity, physical activity and gross motor skills in South African pre-school children.
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Date
2019-12-26
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Cambridge University Press
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Keywords
Adiposity,Early childhood,Gross motor skills,Physical activity
Citation
Draper CE, Tomaz SA, Jones RA, Hinkley T, Twine R, Kahn K, Norris SA. Cross-sectional associations of physical activity and gross motor proficiency with adiposity in South African children of pre-school age. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Mar;22(4):614-623. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003579. Epub 2018 Dec 26.