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Publication: Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children
Rae, D.E. Tomaz, S.A. Jones, R.A. Hinkley, T. Twine, R. Kahn, K. Norris, S.A. Draper, C.E.
Rae, D.E.
Tomaz, S.A.
Jones, R.A.
Hinkley, T.
Twine, R.
Kahn, K.
Norris, S.A.
Draper, C.E.
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Abstract
Background
The extent to which income setting or rural and urban environments modify the association between sleep and obesity in young children is unclear. The aims of this cross-sectional observational study were to (i) describe and compare sleep in South African preschool children from rural low-income (RL), urban low-income (UL) and urban high-income (UH) settings; and (ii) test for associations between sleep parameters and body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Participants were preschoolers (5.2 ± 0.7y, 49.5% boys) from RL (n = 111), UL (n = 65) and UH (n = 22) settings. Height and weight were measured. Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity were assessed using accelerometery.
Results
UL children had higher BMI z-scores (median: 0.39; interquartile range: − 0.27, 0.99) than the UH (− 0.38; − 0.88, 0.11) and RL (− 0.08; − 0.83, 0.53) children (p = 0.001). The UL children had later bedtimes (p < 0.001) and wake-up times (p < 0.001) and shorter 24 h (p < 0.001) and nocturnal (p < 0.001) sleep durations than the RL and UH children. After adjusting for age, sex, setting, SB and PA, for every hour less sleep obtained (24 h and nocturnal), children were 2.28 (95% CI: 1.28–4.35) and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.27–3.85) more likely, respectively, to belong to a higher BMI z-score quartile.
Conclusions
Shorter sleep is associated with a higher BMI z-score in South African preschoolers, despite high levels of PA, with UL children appearing to be particularly vulnerable.
Description
Date
2021-03-23
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BMC
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Keywords
Adiposity,Early childhood,Low- and middle-income country,Sleep,SDG-03 Good health and well-being
Citation
Rae DE, Tomaz SA, Jones RA, Hinkley T, Twine R, Kahn K, Norris SA, Draper CE. Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children. BMC Public Health.