Shephard, E.Stern, E.R.van den Heuvel, O.A.Costa, D.L.C.Batistuzzo, M.C.Godoy, P.B.G.Lopes, A.C.Brunoni, A.R.Hoexter, M.Q.Shavitt, R.G.Reddy, Y.C.J.Lochner, C.Stein, D.J.Simpson, H.B.Miguel, E.C.2024-05-012024-05-012021-01-07Shephard E, Stern ER, van den Heuvel OA, Costa DLC, Batistuzzo MC, Godoy PBG, Lopes AC, Brunoni AR, Hoexter MQ, Shavitt RG, Reddy YCJ, Lochner C, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Miguel EC. Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry. 2021;26(9):4583-604. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-01007-8.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-020-01007-810.1038/s41380-020-01007-8https://hdl.handle.net/11288/595916An important challenge in mental health research is to translate findings from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research into effective treatments that target the neurobiological alterations involved in psychiatric symptoms. To address this challenge, in this review we propose a heuristic neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We do this by integrating information from several sources. First, we provide case vignettes in which patients with OCD describe their symptoms and discuss different clinical profiles in the phenotypic expression of the condition. Second, we link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions, drawing on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in OCD. Third, we consider behavioral, pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions. Finally, we suggest methods of testing this neurocircuit-based taxonomy as well as important limitations to this approach that should be considered in future research.enAttribution 3.0 United Stateshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/HumansObsessive-Compulsive DisorderNeuroimagingOCDSDG-03 Good health and well-beingArticleMolecular Psychiatry