Imamdin, A.Hadebe, N.Lecour, S.2023-12-112023-12-112020-05-05Aqeela Imamdin1, Nkanyiso Hadebe1,2, Sandrine Lecour1SAFE pathway and conditioning: from discovery to its effectiveness in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors Conditioning Medicinehttps://infospace.mrc.ac.za/handle/11288/595312Although ischemic conditioning has been described as the most powerful strategy to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury, its translation to the clinical setting has proved to be challenging, possibly due, at least in part, to the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors in patients, which are known to affect its efficacy. Ischemic conditioning confers cardioprotection via the activation of multiple prosurvival pathways, including the activation of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) path, which involves mediators of the innate immune system (i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha) and key transcription factors such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Here, we describe the origin of the SAFE path as a key pathway in ischemic conditioning and we explore how the activation of this path may be affected in the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors.enAttribution 3.0 United Stateshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/Prosurvival signalling pathwaysSAFETumor Necrosis Factorsignal transducer and activator of transcription 3cardiovascular risk factorsArticleConditioning Medicine