Asiimwe, S.B.Farrell, M.Kobayashi, L.C.Manne-Goehler, J.Kahn, K.Tollman, S.M.Kabudula, C.W.Gómez-Olivé, F.X.Wagner, R.G.Montana, L.Berkman, L.F.Glymour, M.M.Bärnighausen, T.2024-06-092024-06-092020-10-06Asiimwe SB, Farrell M, Kobayashi LC, Manne-Goehler J, Kahn K, Tollman SM, Kabudula CW, Gómez-Olivé FX, Wagner RG, Montana L, Berkman LF, Glymour MM, Bärnighausen T. Cognitive differences associated with HIV serostatus and antiretroviral therapy use in a population-based sample of older adults in South Africa. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 6;10(1):16625. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73689-7.10.1038/s41598-020-73689-7https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024208/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73689-7https://hdl.handle.net/11288/596338Previous clinical studies have reported adverse cognitive outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH), but there are no population-based studies comparing cognitive function between older PLWH and comparators without HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed baseline data of 40 + years-old participants in "Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" (HAALSI) cohort. We measured cognition using a battery of conventional instruments assessing orientation, immediate- and delayed-recall, and numeracy (N = 4560), and the Oxford Cognitive Screen [OCS]-Plus, a novel instrument for low-literacy populations, assessing memory, language, visual-spatial ability, and executive functioning (N = 1997). Linear regression models comparing cognitive scores between participants with and without HIV were adjusted for sex, education, age, country of birth, father's occupation, ever-consumed alcohol, and asset index. PLWH scored on average 0.06 (95% CI 0.01-0.12) standard deviation (SD) units higher on the conventional cognitive function measure and 0.02 (95% CI - 0.07 to 0.04) SD units lower on the OCS-Plus measure than HIV-negative participants. We found higher cognitive function scores for PLWH compared to people without HIV when using a conventional measure of cognitive function but not when using a novel instrument for low-literacy settings.enAttribution 3.0 United Stateshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ArticleScientific Reports