Matovu, F.K.Nabwana, M.Kiwanuka, N.Scholes, D.Isingel, E.Nolan, M.L.Fowler, M.G.Musoke, P.Pettifor, J.M.Brown, T.T.Beksinska, M.E.BONE CARE Study Team2024-03-292024-03-292020-12-07Matovu FK, Nabwana M, Kiwanuka N, Scholes D, Isingel E, Nolan ML, Fowler MG, Musoke P, Pettifor JM, Brown TT, Beksinska ME, Team ftBCS. Bone Mineral Density in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1–Infected Young Adult -Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate or Nonhormonal Contraceptives in Uganda. JBMR Plus. 2021;5(2):e10446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10446.10.1002/jbm4.10446https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm4.10446https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10446https://hdl.handle.net/11288/595787Most studies evaluating BMD in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations have focused on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients. In this study, the association between HIV-1 and/or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and BMD among untreated HIV-1–infected women in a resource-limited setting was assessed before long-term exposure to ART. The data were then compared with that of the 2005–2008 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for non-Hispanic White and Black women. Women aged 18–35 years, recruited from health facilities in Kampala, Uganda, were classified based on their combination of HIV-1 status and DMPA use: (i) HIV-1–infected current DMPA users, (ii) HIV-1–infected previous DMPA users, (iii) HIV-1–infected nonhormonal-contraceptive users, and (iv) HIV-uninfected nonhormonal-contraceptive users. All HIV-1–infected women reported being ART-naïve at baseline. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck using DXA. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association between HIV-1 and/or DMPA and BMD Z-scores. Baseline data were analyzed for 452 HIV-1–infected (220 nonhormonal users, and 177 current and 55 previous DMPA users) and 69 HIV-1–uninfected nonhormonal-contraceptive users. The mean age was 26.1 years (SD, 4.2) with a median duration of DMPA use among current users of 24.0 months [medians (interquartile range), 12-48]. A higher proportion of HIV-1–infected previous (12.7%) or current DMPA users (20.3%) and nonhormonal users (15.0%) had low BMD (Z-score ≤−2 at any of the three sites) compared with age-matched HIV-1–uninfected women (2.9%). HIV-1 infection and DMPA use were independently associated with significantly lower mean BMD Z-scores at all sites, with the greatest difference being among HIV-1–infected current DMPA users (5.6%–8.0%) versus uninfected nonhormonal users. Compared with non-Hispanic White and Black women, the Ugandan local reference population had generally lower mean BMD at all sites. Newer treatment interventions are needed to mitigate BMD loss in HIV-1–infected women in resource-limited settings. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.enAttribution 3.0 United Stateshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Antiretroviral therapy (ART)Bone mineral densityArticleJBMR Plus